This comprehensive guide details the standards for scholarly writing at SBTS, ensuring clarity and consistency. It offers templates and resources for academic success,
supporting research papers and dissertations with meticulous formatting guidelines.

Purpose and Scope
The SBTS Style Guide serves as the definitive resource for all academic writing submitted to Southwestern Baptist Theological Seminary. Its primary purpose is to promote uniformity in formatting and citation, fostering a professional presentation of scholarly work. This guide ensures that students and faculty adhere to a consistent standard, enhancing readability and credibility across all disciplines.
The scope of this guide encompasses a wide range of academic materials, including research papers, dissertations, book reviews, and other scholarly publications. It details specific guidelines for manuscript format, font requirements, margins, and page numbering. Furthermore, it provides exhaustive instructions on proper citation methods – utilizing the Author-Date system – and the construction of accurate bibliographies for books, journal articles, and web sources.
Ultimately, the SBTS Style Guide aims to equip writers with the tools necessary to effectively communicate their research and ideas within the academic community, upholding the Seminary’s commitment to rigorous scholarship.
History and Development of the SBTS Style
The Southwestern Baptist Theological Seminary Style evolved from a need for consistent scholarly presentation within its academic community. Initially, faculty adapted established styles – like Chicago or Turabian – but recognized the necessity for a tailored approach reflecting SBTS’s specific theological and academic priorities.
Over time, a committee of faculty members meticulously crafted guidelines addressing unique formatting requirements and citation nuances. This process involved reviewing existing style manuals, consulting with the SBTS Library, and incorporating feedback from students and professors. The style’s development coincided with the increasing use of digital tools like Zotero, prompting integration of automated bibliography formatting.
Regular updates, such as the October 14, 2024 revision highlighted in library research guides, ensure the SBTS Style remains current with academic best practices and technological advancements, supporting effective research and writing.

Formatting Guidelines
Adhering to SBTS standards involves specific font choices, spacing, margin settings, and page numbering. These guidelines ensure a professional and uniform appearance for all submissions.
General Manuscript Format
Submissions to Southwestern Baptist Theological Seminary require a specific manuscript format to maintain academic rigor and facilitate efficient review. Generally, papers should be typed and double-spaced throughout, including quotations, notes, and the bibliography. Utilize a standard, easily readable font – typically Times New Roman – at a 12-point size.
Ensure consistent formatting for headings and subheadings, employing a clear hierarchical structure. The title page must include the paper’s title, your name, the course name, and the date. Abstracts are often required for longer research projects; consult your professor for specific instructions. Pay close attention to pagination, typically starting with the title page as page 1. Proper formatting demonstrates professionalism and respect for the academic process, contributing to a positive evaluation of your work.
Font and Spacing Requirements
The Southwestern Baptist Theological Seminary style mandates specific font and spacing guidelines for all submitted work. To ensure readability and consistency, manuscripts must be formatted using Times New Roman, 12-point font size. This standard font is widely accepted and easily legible for reviewers.
Double-spacing is required throughout the entire document, encompassing the text, quotations, footnotes, and the bibliography. This includes all lines, with no exceptions. Avoid using any justification; left-align the text for a clean and professional appearance. Consistent adherence to these formatting requirements is crucial. Utilizing these specifications demonstrates attention to detail and respect for the established academic standards of SBTS, contributing to a polished and professional final product.
Margins and Page Numbers
Adhering to precise margin settings is essential for SBTS style compliance. All manuscripts must have one-inch margins on all sides – top, bottom, left, and right. This provides ample space for reviewer comments and ensures a professional appearance. These margins should be consistently maintained throughout the entire document, including the title page and bibliography.
Page numbers are required on all pages, excluding the title page. Begin numbering with the first page of the text, typically using Arabic numerals (1, 2, 3, etc.). Position the page numbers in the upper right-hand corner of each page. Consistent and accurate pagination facilitates easy navigation and referencing during the review process. Following these guidelines demonstrates meticulous attention to detail and adherence to SBTS’s academic standards.

Citation and Bibliography
SBTS style employs the author-date system for in-text citations, directing readers to a comprehensive bibliography listing all sources used in the research.
In-Text Citations – Author-Date System
The Southwestern Baptist Theological Seminary (SBTS) style mandates the author-date system for all in-text citations. This method prioritizes clarity and directs readers efficiently to the full source details within the bibliography. A typical citation includes the author’s last name and the year of publication, often accompanied by a page number when directly quoting material.

For instance, a direct quote would be formatted as (Smith, 2023, p. 45). When paraphrasing an author’s ideas, include the author and year: (Jones, 2022). If the author’s name is already mentioned in the sentence, only the year needs to be included in parentheses. Multiple authors require specific handling; consult the SBTS style manual for detailed guidance on citing works with two, three, or more authors. Proper in-text citation is crucial for academic integrity and avoiding plagiarism.
Bibliography Format – Books
When compiling a bibliography for SBTS, book entries require a specific format. Begin with the author’s last name, followed by their first name and initials. Next, include the year of publication in parentheses. The book title should be italicized, followed by the city of publication, a colon, and the publisher’s name.
For example: Smith, John A. (2023). Theological Foundations. Nashville, TN: Broadman & Holman. If the book has an editor, use “ed.” or “eds.” after the editor’s name. Multiple editions require the edition number after the title. Ensure consistent formatting throughout the entire bibliography, paying close attention to punctuation and spacing. Accurate and complete bibliographic information is essential for scholarly credibility and allows readers to locate the sources you’ve utilized.
Bibliography Format – Journal Articles
SBTS style demands a precise format for journal article citations in your bibliography. Begin with the author’s last name, followed by their first name and initials. Include the publication year in parentheses. Next, list the article title, followed by the journal name, which should be italicized. Provide the volume number and issue number (if applicable), separated by a comma.
Finally, include the page range of the article. For example: Jones, Mary B. (2024). “Theological Implications.” Journal of Biblical Studies, 15(2), 45-62. Consistency is key; maintain uniform formatting throughout. Digital Object Identifiers (DOIs) should be included when available, offering a persistent link to the article. Accurate citation reflects academic integrity and facilitates source verification.
Bibliography Format – Web Sources
Citing web sources within the SBTS style requires careful attention to detail. Begin with the author’s name (if available), followed by the article or page title. Italicize the website name. Include the full URL and the date of access in parentheses. For example: Turfomania. (2021, June 30). Meilleur pronostic PMU. https://www.turfomania.com/.
If no author is listed, begin with the title of the webpage. Ensure URLs are accurate and functional. Prioritize sources with clear authorship and publication dates. Avoid citing sources lacking these elements whenever possible. The SBTS style emphasizes reliable and verifiable information. Regularly check links to ensure they remain active and accessible for readers seeking further information.

Specific Style Elements
SBTS style dictates precise guidelines for abbreviations, numbers, dates, and quotations, ensuring uniformity and academic rigor throughout all scholarly submissions.
Use of Abbreviations and Acronyms
The SBTS style guide provides specific instructions regarding the appropriate use of abbreviations and acronyms within academic writing. Generally, avoid excessive use, prioritizing clarity and readability for the intended audience. When first introducing an abbreviation or acronym, always spell out the full term followed by the abbreviation in parentheses.
For example, write “Southern Baptist Theological Seminary (SBTS)” on its initial mention. Subsequent references can then utilize the abbreviation “SBTS” alone. Common abbreviations, widely understood within the discipline, may be used more freely. However, exercise caution and consider whether the abbreviation might be unfamiliar to readers outside the specific field.
Consistency is key; maintain the same form throughout the entire document. Avoid using periods after abbreviations that consist of initial letters (e.g., use PhD, not Ph.D.). Consult the full SBTS style manual for a comprehensive list of accepted abbreviations and specific guidance on usage in various contexts.
Guidelines for Numbers and Dates
The SBTS style guide dictates specific rules for representing numbers and dates in academic work. Generally, spell out numbers one through nine, and use numerals for 10 and above. However, always use numerals for quantities followed by units of measurement (e.g., 5 cm, 12 lb). When referring to percentages, use the numeral sign (%) after the number.

For dates, the preferred format is month/day/year (e.g., 02/12/2026). When only the year is relevant, write it in full (e.g., 2026). Avoid using ordinal indicators (e.g., 1st, 2nd) unless they are part of a formal title or heading. Consistency is crucial; adhere to the chosen format throughout the entire document.
Pay close attention to the context; the style guide may offer exceptions for statistical data or specific disciplinary conventions. Refer to the complete SBTS manual for detailed examples and clarification on complex scenarios.
Quotation and Block Quotations
The SBTS style guide provides clear directives for incorporating quotations into scholarly writing. Short quotations—less than —should be enclosed in double quotation marks and integrated smoothly into the surrounding text. Always include a parenthetical citation immediately following the quotation, referencing the author, date, and page number.
For longer quotations— or more—use a block quotation. Indent the entire quotation one inch from the left margin, omit quotation marks, and single-space the text. The citation should follow the block quotation, placed on the same line as the final punctuation.
Ensure accuracy when transcribing quotations, and use ellipses (…) to indicate omitted material. Alterations to the original text should be noted with brackets [ ]. Proper attribution is paramount to avoid plagiarism and maintain academic integrity.

Using Zotero with SBTS Style
Zotero streamlines bibliography creation for SBTS papers; refresh citations and bibliographies regularly to ensure accurate Southern Seminary Manual of Style formatting automatically.
Automatic Bibliography Formatting
Zotero’s power lies in its ability to automatically format bibliographies according to the SBTS style guidelines. After installing the SBTS style within Zotero, citations and the final bibliography will largely format themselves as you write. However, occasional glitches can occur, particularly after significant document edits or style updates.
To ensure accuracy, select the entire bibliography within your document and, from the Word style menu, choose “Bibliography Citations.” This forces Zotero to re-evaluate and re-format the entries. The “Refresh” button on the Zotero toolbar is also invaluable; it sweeps through the document, correcting inconsistencies in footnotes and the bibliography. It’s best practice to refresh after completing your paper, guaranteeing a polished and compliant final product. Remember, consistent refreshing minimizes formatting errors and saves valuable time.
Refreshing Citations and Bibliographies
Maintaining accurate citations and a correctly formatted bibliography is crucial when using Zotero with the SBTS style. Despite Zotero’s automation, inconsistencies can arise during the writing process, especially after making substantial changes to your document or updating Zotero itself. Regularly “refreshing” ensures everything remains compliant with SBTS standards.
If footnotes or the bibliography don’t automatically update as expected, utilize the “Refresh” button located on the Zotero toolbar within your word processor. This instructs Zotero to re-scan the document and correct any formatting oddities. It’s highly recommended to perform a final refresh after completing your paper, acting as a quality control step before submission. This proactive approach minimizes errors and guarantees a professional, properly cited work.

Resources and Support
SBTS provides extensive library research guides and Writing Center templates, offering direct assistance with the Southern Seminary Manual of Style for academic papers.

SBTS Library Research Guides
The Southwestern Baptist Theological Seminary Library offers dedicated research guides specifically designed to support students and faculty navigating the complexities of academic writing. These guides serve as invaluable resources, providing detailed explanations and practical examples of the SBTS style manual’s requirements.
Researchers will find assistance with various aspects of the style, including proper formatting for citations, bibliographies, and specific document elements. The library’s online resources are accessible 24/7, allowing for convenient access to information whenever needed.
Furthermore, the guides often link to helpful external resources and tutorials, enhancing the learning experience. They are regularly updated to reflect the latest edition of the style manual, ensuring accuracy and relevance. Accessing these guides is a crucial first step for anyone undertaking scholarly work at SBTS, promoting academic integrity and excellence.
The Writing Center Templates
The SBTS Writing Center provides expertly crafted templates tailored to the Southern Seminary Manual of Style, streamlining the writing process for students. These templates are available for both book reviews and comprehensive research papers, offering pre-formatted structures that adhere to SBTS’s specific guidelines.
Utilizing these templates ensures correct formatting from the outset, saving valuable time and reducing the risk of stylistic errors. They are accessible through the Global Campus Hub’s “Writing Resources” section, offering a convenient starting point for any assignment.
The templates include pre-set margins, font styles, and citation formats, simplifying the implementation of the SBTS style. Remember to refresh citations and bibliographies using Zotero to guarantee accuracy after making edits. These resources empower students to produce polished, professional academic work.
